Shell investigated over $1 billion corrupt oil deal

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What was left for the Nigerian people after the corrupt oil deal? Ogoniland fisherman showing the effect of Shell's oil pollution in a local creek. Photo: Milieudefensie via Flickr (CC BY-NC-SA).

What was left for the Nigerian people after the corrupt oil deal? Ogoniland fisherman showing the effect of Shell's oil pollution in a local creek. Photo: Milieudefensie via Flickr (CC BY-NC-SA).

Italian prosecutors have raided Shell's offices to investigate the suspicious acquisition of a huge offshore oil field in Nigeria, writes Vanessa Amaral-Rogers. The oil block, sold by the Government for $20 million to a shell company owned by the oil minister, was later acquired for $1.1 billion by Shell and Eni.
The news of an investigation into Shell shows that their role played in this deal may backfire on them. Shell and Eni exposed their investors to massive risks and have been tainted by this theft from Nigerian citizens.

Royal Dutch Shell, the world's second largest oil company, and Italy's Eni have been put under formal investigation by the Milan Public Prosecutor's office for 'international corruption' offences.

The alleged offences are relating to the purchase of an oil block OPL 245 in Nigeria, as reported by Italian newspaper Corrierre della Serra.

The headquarters of the Anglo-Dutch company in The Hague were raided in February by 50 officers from the Italian financial police and their Dutch colleagues, with the raid lasting through the night. The Dutch home of former Nigerian Attorney General Mohammed Bello Adoke was also searched.

The OPL 245 deal has been under investigation by Global Witness, together with Nigerian activist Dotun Oloko and anti-corruption campaigners at Re:Common and Corner House. In June 2015 they filed a complaint with the Milan Public Prosecutor giving evidence of Shell's role in the transaction.

A Global Witness investigation discovered that when OPL 245 was sold in 1998 for US$20m - a tiny fraction of its current value - it went to Malabu Oil & Gas, a company secretly owned by the then Oil Minister, Dan Etete which was set up just five days before the deal was brokered.

The block was then passed on to Shell and Eni in 2011, with the Nigerian government acting as middleman, for US$1.1bn.

Investigations into the money trail

This sum is equivalent to 80% of the country's 2015 health budget, but it never reached state coffers. Shell and Eni have always maintained that they had paid the Nigerian Government and did not know that the money would ultimately go to Etete, despite evidence from Global Witness showing otherwise.

"Shell and Eni have always denied knowledge of the corruption at the heart of this deal, but evidence we have published shows otherwise", said Simon Taylor, a Director of Global Witness. "The news of an investigation into Shell shows that their role played in this deal may backfire on them. Shell and Eni exposed their investors to massive risks and have been tainted by this theft from Nigerian citizens."

Emails between Shell and Eni show that the companies were not only fully aware that the money was destined for Malibu, but that they had also designed, negotiated and executed the arrangments to ensure that the money was sent via the Nigerian Government. Eni had already been formally put under investigation by the office of the Public Prosecutor of Milan which has named Dan Etete, Eni and its current and former CEOs as suspects.

The news of an investigation into Shell shows that their role played in this deal may backfire on them. Shell and Eni exposed their investors to massive risks and have been tainted by this theft from Nigerian citizens.

The UK's Proceeds of Corruption Unit within the Metropolitan Police began investigating money laundering connected to the case in June 2013 under 'Operation Zaphod', however the investigation was discontinued in 2015 due to lack of further evidence becoming available from Nigeria at the time.

"This is very significant", said Nicholas Hildyard of Corner House. "The British authorities now have questions to answer about why they dropped their side of the investigation and failed to restrain funds when we originally asked them to, which allowed US$110m to leave the UK until it was restrained in Switzerland."

US authorities also participated in tracing funds connected to the deal. US$190m paid by Shell and Eni for OPL 245 has been frozen in accounts belonging to Etete and middlemen in the UK and Switzerland.

Antonio Tricarico of Re:Common said: "This news comes as a welcome development which has been long overdue since only Eni has been under investigation for this deal in which both Shell and Eni took equal part. It is vital that any companies and individuals involved are held accountable for this corrupt deal."

Shell is in substantial trouble

Today's development presents a real threat to Shell's shareholders who could see the value of their investment disappear, and the company's reputation damaged as a result of any conviction for complicity in dodgy dealings. The Nigerian House of Representatives in 2014 called for the deal to be cancelled and declared it "contrary to the laws of Nigeria."

Whilst Shell and Eni are under investigation, the Nigerian Attorney General have advised the Government to revoke their licences and Shell was placed under investigation in February but neither of these have been so far communicated to the stock market.

The US Securities and Exchange Commission, which oversees the New York Stock Market has only briefly mentioned the situation in that Shell is under investigation by the authorities of several countries.

In a statement sent to journalists a Shell spokesperson said: "We can confirm that representatives of the Dutch Financial Intelligence and Investigation Service (FIOD) and the Dutch Public Prosecutor recently visited Shell at its headquarters in The Hague. The visit was related to OPL 245, an offshore block in Nigeria that was the subject of a series of long-standing disputes with the Federal Government of Nigeria.

"Shell is cooperating with the authorities and is looking into the allegations, which it takes seriously. Shell attaches the greatest importance to business integrity. It's one of our core values and is a central tenet of the Business Principles that govern the way we do business. All employees are expected to uphold these principles and failure to do so will result in consequences up to and including dismissal."

Shell has insisted that they did not pay Malabu and in a response to a request for comment from Global Witness in April 2015 said "We do not agree with the premise behind various public statements made by Global Witness about Shell companies in relation to OPL 245".

According to Global Witness, the OPL 245 case "provides a clear and compelling example of why laws mandating greater transparency over company ownership, and the payments companies make for oil, gas, and minerals, are needed."

Laws requiring companies to disclose such payments already exist in draft form in the US, but Shell and other major oil firms including BP, Chevron and Exxon, are blocking their implementation. As OPL 245 shows, such obstructiveness goes against their own interests.

 


 

Vanessa Amaral-Rogers is a freelance journalist writing mainly on environmental themes.

Sources: Global Witness; Corrierre della Serra.

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